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P202
According the Regulation specialised services (SpS) shall not be provided to the detriment of the availability or general quality of internet access services for end users. Therefore the task for NRAs is to check that specialised services are not provided at the expense of IAS.
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P203
According to the BEREC NN guidelines there are multiple approaches as to how NRAs can supervise this, NRAs could for example:
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P204
• Request information from ISPs regarding how sufficient capacity is ensured and at which scale the service is offered (e.g. networks, coverage and end users),
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P205
• Assess how ISPs have calculated the additional capacity required for their specialised services and how they have ensured that network elements and connections have sufficient capacity available to provide specialised services in addition to any IAS provided.
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P207
An NRA could assess the aggregated IAS QoS measurement results before and after the introduction of a certain specialised service. If the measured speed values are in general lower after the SpS introduction, this could be seen as an indication that the SpS is provided at the expense of IAS. The NRAs may monitor this e.g. by following the trend how the average speed measurement results for each ISP are evolving. When the introduction of a SpS affects the general quality of IAS, this could be visible also from general IAS performance results.
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P208
Another, more direct approach requires the NRA to take into account the network topography supporting the IAS. In this scenario the performance of the IAS is measured while a nearby end-user is using a specialised service and again at a time when no specialised service is being used.
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P209
The following is a specific example where we consider two consumers on a fixed line IAS:
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P213
In order to detect whether Neighbour B’s usage of specialised services is affecting neighbour A’s IAS, it is recommended that the throughput of the IAS delivered to Neighbour A is measured before Neighbour B commences an IPTV session. This throughput can be measured again later when Neighbour B is using the IPTV service.
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P214
The results can be compared to verify that the use of a specialised service does not impact upon the IAS of other users.
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P215
Measurements of the performance of individual applications (see Chapter 4) may show whether blocking or any kind of prioritisation or throttling of specific applications is applied to an IAS offer.
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P216
Some of these traffic management practices may only be detectable when the network is congested which will require distributed measurements over time in various network segments.
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P217
Tools for detecting traffic management practices are likely to provide an indication of the presence of such a practice rather than a clear result. For example, when differences are observed in the calculated weight of a web page (number of bits that are transmitted during the page load) that has been loaded in similar conditions between different ISPs, it could be an indicator to detect blocking of a part of a web site (e.g. ads) or data compression.
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P218
When differences are observed for an ISP over time or between different ISPs and while these differences do not match with the overall development of internet access service quality the ISP is offering, it could be an indication that some traffic management practices are applied. For example, the streaming platform can be throttled or prioritised. It could also be useful to have screenshots or records from the measurement tool of the tested videos to assess whether or not there is a difference of quality that could be due to compression for example.
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P219
Another way of detecting traffic management practices could be to compare the measurement results related to a specific ISP both with and without a VPN. The key idea is to use a VPN proxy located near the IAS provider’s network edge to record and replay the network traffic generated by arbitrary applications, and compare it with the network behaviour when replaying this traffic outside of an encrypted tunnel. If there are significant and recurring discrepancies, it could be a strong indication that there may be impact from traffic management.
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P220
Most of the time, a measurement at the application level can only detect the presence of an inadmissible traffic management but not the cause or responsible network segment.
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